Throughout the 1980s Weiland improved and commercialized MAFIA while working at several accelerator labs worldwide.
The resulting code later came to be called MAFIA (an acronym for solving MAxwells Equations using the Finite Integration Algorithm) and it was the first program that allowed accelerator designers to simulate in 3D how particle beams moved through a cavity while under the influence of rf fields from external sources. Weiland then moved on to the University of Hamburg, where he started working on the design of accelerators and on their components, such as cavities - all the time improving and extending FIT. An important challenge at the time was to understand how the electromagnetic field created by a beam of charged particles interacted with the accelerating radio-frequency cavity itself - the so-called “wakefield effect” - and to work out what influence this had on beam propagation and quality. In 1979 Weiland left Darmstadt and worked for two years at the CERN particle-physics lab in Geneva. Particles in a particle source Coded secrets
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